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The Authoritarian Personality : ウィキペディア英語版
The Authoritarian Personality

''The Authoritarian Personality'' is a 1950 sociology book by Theodor W. Adorno, Else Frenkel-Brunswik, Daniel Levinson, and Nevitt Sanford, researchers working at the University of California, Berkeley, during and shortly after World War II.
''The Authoritarian Personality'' "invented a set of criteria by which to define personality traits, ranked these traits and their intensity in any given person on what it called the 'F scale' (F for fascist)."〔Codevilla, Angelo (2010-07-16) (America's Ruling Class ), ''The American Spectator''〕 The personality type Adorno et al. identified can be defined by nine traits that were believed to cluster together as the result of childhood experiences. These traits include conventionalism, authoritarian submission, authoritarian aggression, anti-intellectualism, anti-intraception, superstition and stereotypy, power and "toughness", destructiveness and cynicism, projectivity, and exaggerated concerns over sex.〔Adorno, T. W., Frenkel-Brunswik, E., Levinson, D. J., & Sanford, R. N. (1950). ''The authoritarian personality''. New York: Harper and Row (pp. 228).〕〔(Adorno and the political ) By Espen Hammer p.62〕
Though strongly criticized for bias and methodology, the book was highly influential in American social sciences, particularly in the first decade after its publication: “No volume published since the war in the field of social psychology has had a greater impact on the direction of the actual empirical work being carried on in the universities today.”〔Glazer, Nathan. (1954). "New light on The Authoritarian Personality: A survey of recent research and criticism." ''Commentary'' 17 (March), pp. 289–297.〕
==Institutional context==
The impetus of ''The Authoritarian Personality'' was the Holocaust, the attempted genocidal extinction of European Jews by Adolf Hitler's National Socialist party. Adorno had been a member of the "Frankfurt School", a predominantly Jewish〔Herbert Marcuse, Franz Leopold Neumann, Leo Löwenthal, Max Horkheimer〕 group of philosophers and Marxist theorists who fled Germany when Hitler shut down their Institute for Social Research. Adorno et al. were thus motivated by a desire to identify and measure factors that were believed to contribute to antisemitic and fascist traits. The book was part of a "Studies in Prejudice" series sponsored by the American Jewish Committee's Department of Scientific Research.〔(American Jewish Committee ''News'' ), 15 March 1950.〕

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